Reason For Japanese Attack On Pearl Harbor

Reason For Japanese Attack On Pearl Harbor – Exploded view of the USS Shaw at the US Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, after the Japanese bombing. Lawrence Thornton/Getty Images

During World War II, just over a week after Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union, on July 3, 1941, Joseph Stalin addressed the Soviet people for the first time about the progress of the war. He called the citizens of his nation “brothers and sisters”, which he had never used before.

Reason For Japanese Attack On Pearl Harbor

It was an intimacy born of the terrible crisis they shared. Stalin recognized that the enemy had won and called on his compatriots to destroy the invaders by all means.

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Many Soviet memoirs attest to the power of his words, which reached millions of citizens gathered around simple radios or street loudspeakers. The Soviets were invited to become the greatest military competition of all time.

The Axis offensive on June 22, 1941 caught the Soviets almost completely off guard. Finnish troops in the north, Romanian troops in the south, and a 3 million-strong Nazi German army between them advanced at a relentless pace, encircling the entire Soviet army.

On June 28, 1941, fascist German troops reached Minsk, the capital of Belarus. Riga was captured three days later, and in the first week of July, Nazi German troops approached the Ukrainian capital, Kiev.

At the end of July, fascist German bombers approached Moscow. On August 19, Leningrad – the second largest city of the Soviet Union – was cut off by Nazi German and Finnish troops, but it could not be completely captured.

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Soviet officers encouraged their soldiers to launch suicide attacks on Nazi German positions, because Stalin insisted that death was better than surrender. Nevertheless, by September, Axis forces had captured more than 2 million Soviet prisoners and destroyed most of the Red Army’s tanks and aircraft.

When Adolf Hitler returned to Berlin to address the German people on October 3, he was convinced that the Soviet dragon had been slain “and will never rise again.” Nazi Germany’s weapons production plans were changed: more aircraft and additional naval forces were added for the upcoming conflict with Great Britain and the United States. However, as the Nazi Germans found that the Soviet tanks were superior to them, new models of tanks were ordered.

Hitler’s change in strategic approach was a reaction to the increasing cooperation between the two Anglo-Saxon powers. Although limited by public opinion that US President Franklin Roosevelt was not yet ready for full-scale war, the United States began to provide extensive aid to the British Empire.

In December 1940, Roosevelt introduced an aid program for Great Britain. It was called Lend-Lease to give the impression of getting something back. In March 1941, the plan passed Congress. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was so relieved that he described Lend-Lease as “tantamount to a declaration of war”.

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At the same time, the US Navy entered a major naval conflict in the Atlantic Ocean, where Nazi German submarines threatened vital trade from North America to Great Britain. This conflict cost the Allies 5.6 million tons of cargo between September 1939 and March 1941.

In April 1941, the US Navy covered part of the western Atlantic Ocean, and in July 1941 began anti-submarine air patrols from Newfoundland. Consequently, the convoy transport across the Atlantic was successful.

Anglo-American relations were cemented in August 1941 when Churchill and FDR met aboard the American cruiser Augusta in Placentia Bay off the coast of Newfoundland. There Churchill drafted a document known as the Atlantic Charter for the two statesmen to sign.

It was not an alliance because Roosevelt was unwilling and unable to make a formal American commitment to war. Instead, it was a statement of shared political intent, made in the name of liberal democracy, to rebuild a world based on political freedoms, open trade, and self-determination of peoples.

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In addition, the two men agreed to provide all possible assistance to the Soviet Union, to insure Japan against further aggression in the Far East, and to fully commit American forces to the Battle of the Atlantic.

The summer of 1941 marked the beginning of the mass extermination of Jews in Europe. Between the start of the war and June 1941, the Jewish populations of Eastern Europe under Nazi German control were herded into ghettos, stripped of their valuables, and destroyed of their livelihoods.

In conquered Western Europe, Jews were forced to wear a distinctive yellow star and their property was confiscated or given on unfavorable terms.

But it was only with the invasion of the Soviet Union that the Jews were systematically killed. Prior to 1941, the instructions given to the Nazi German security forces, the Einsatzgruppen and regular police units, made it clear that they were to kill all Jews.

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Much of the guerrilla activity was allegedly Jewish-inspired, with entire villages destroyed and their inhabitants killed by the Nazi German army as well as the police and security forces.

From June 1941, the fascist security forces in Russia did not spare Jewish women and children. More than 34,000 Jews were killed in Babi Yar, outside Kiev. Jews were systematically murdered in Serbia and western Poland.

Hitler eventually approved the deportation of German Jews, and the first trains arrived in the East in October 1941. In extermination camps in what was once occupied Poland, the decision was made to increase the ongoing killings of police and security personnel with mass murders. .

The exact moment of this decision is unclear, but the camps were being built in the fall of 1941 and the first gassing began in January 1942 in Chelmno. In December 1941, Hitler told a closed session meeting of party leaders that global war was imminent. the final war against the Jewish enemy.

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The mass killings that began in 1941 ended in 1945 with the deaths of an estimated 6 million European Jews. They were killed not only by the security forces of Nazi Germany, but also by the Wehrmacht, a locally recruited anti-Semitic militia, and the armies of Nazi Germany’s allies.

Only a part of this racial war was visible to the West in 1941. The United States was increasingly concerned about the threat to security in East Asia and the western Pacific from Japan’s continued belligerence. It was a crisis caused by German victories in Europe.

Japan used the opportunity created by the defeat of France and the Netherlands and the threat to England from Nazi Germany to exert pressure on the western colonial possessions in Southeast Asia. Japan coveted the region because it contained large reserves of vital raw materials—oil, rubber, and tin—that were vital to the Japanese war effort.

The American response to continued Japanese aggression in China was to impose a partial trade embargo in September 1940, but this only increased the Japanese desire to seize further economic resources. Japanese leaders began to argue that war with the United States was almost inevitable.

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The driving force behind Japan’s southward expansion strategy was its enormous navy, which relied heavily on oil. To secure the northern perimeter of the Japanese Empire, Japan signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union in April 1941.

In July, Japanese troops moved into southern Indochina. When the United States responded to this threat by tightening the embargo, the Japanese army and navy agreed that if diplomatic pressure failed to remove the economic pressure Tokyo expected, they would attack the United States, Holland, and the British Empire.

The Japanese war was not inevitable. However, after Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union and eliminated the threat from Japan’s northern border, a southward advance became an attractive option for the Japanese leadership.

Throughout 1941, the Germans saw the idea of ​​a Japanese invasion of the US in the Pacific as a strategic bonus. The Germans, in fact, encouraged Japan to do so by promising to join the war against the United States.

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In September 1941, the Japanese armed forces presented Emperor Hirohito with a war plan unless the US ended the embargo through a diplomatic agreement. The emperor favored a non-war solution, and for another two months negotiations continued between Japanese and American officials to find a peace formula.

American intelligence was able to read Japanese diplomatic (but not naval) codes and knew that war was a very strong possibility. General Tojo Hideki, when he became Japan’s prime minister in October, set a deadline of November 30 for the talks. This term was captured and decoded by the Americans.

Meanwhile, the Japanese Navy developed detailed operational plans to secure a Pacific perimeter to protect Malaya, the Philippines, and the Dutch East Indies from invasion.

On November 26, US Secretary of State Cordell Hull sent a series of proposals to Japanese negotiators, including the withdrawal of all Japanese forces from China and Indochina. Later, if the Japanese withdrew from southern French Indochina, they

How The Japanese Did It

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